The regional significance of Cretaceous magmatism and metamorphism in Fiordland, New Zealand, from U–Pb zircon geochronology     

J. A. Hollis  G. L. Clarke  K. A. Klepeis  N. R. Daczko  T. R. Ireland 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》2004,22(7):607-627

The western Fiordland Orthogneiss (WFO) is an extensive composite metagabbroic to dioritic arc batholith that was emplaced at c. 20–25 km crustal depth into Palaeozoic and Mesozoic gneiss during collision and accretion of the arc with the Mesozoic Pacific Gondwana margin. Sensitive high‐resolution ion microprobe U–Pb zircon data from central and northern Fiordland indicate that WFO plutons were emplaced throughout the early Cretaceous (123.6 ± 3.0, 121.8 ± 1.7, 120.0 ± 2.6 and 115.6 ± 2.4 Ma). Emplacement of the WFO synchronous with regional deformation and collisional‐style orogenesis is illustrated by (i) coeval ages of a post‐D1 dyke (123.6 ± 3.0 Ma) and its host pluton (121.8 ± 1.7 Ma) at Mt Daniel and (ii) coeval ages of pluton emplacement and metamorphism/deformation of proximal paragneiss in George and Doubtful Sounds. The coincidence emplacement and metamorphic ages indicate that the WFO was regionally significant as a heat source for amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism. The age spectra of detrital zircon populations were characterized for four paragneiss samples. A paragneiss from Doubtful Sound shows a similar age spectrum to other central Fiordland and Westland paragneiss and SE Australian Ordovician sedimentary rocks, with age peaks at 600–500 and 1100–900 Ma, a smaller peak at c. 1400 Ma, and a minor Archean component. Similarly, one sample of the George Sound paragneiss has a significant Palaeozoic to Archean age spectrum, however zircon populations from the George Sound paragneiss are dominated by Permo‐Triassic components and thus are markedly different from any of those previously studied in Fiordland.  相似文献   

CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF POLYETHYLENIMINE AND NICKEL CHLORIDE IN RED SEA BREAM (Pagrosomus major) FIN CELL LINE RSBF     

郭华荣  张士璀 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(4)

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Solute movement through intact columns of cryoturbated Upper Chalk     

M. Mahmood‐ul‐Hassan  M. S. Akhtar  P. J. Gregory 《水文研究》2008,22(13):2086-2093

Cryoturbated Upper Chalk is a dichotomous porous medium wherein the intra‐fragment porosity provides water storage and the inter‐fragment porosity provides potential pathways for relatively rapid flow near saturation. Chloride tracer movement through 43 cm long and 45 cm diameter undisturbed chalk columns was studied at water application rates of 0·3, 1·0, and 1·5 cm h^?1. Microscale heterogeneity in effluent was recorded using a grid collection system consisting of 98 funnel‐shaped cells each 3·5 cm in diameter. The total porosity of the columns was 0·47 ± 0·02 m³ m^?3, approximately 13% of pores were ≥ 15 µm diameter, and the saturated hydraulic conductivity was 12·66 ± 1·31 m day^?1. Although the column remained unsaturated during the leaching even at all application rates, proportionate flow through macropores increased as the application rate decreased. The number of dry cells (with 0 ml of effluent) increased as application rate decreased. Half of the leachate was collected from 15, 19 and 22 cells at 0·3, 1·0, 1·5 cm h^?1 application rates respectively. Similar breakthrough curves (BTCs) were obtained at all three application rates when plotted as a function of cumulative drainage, but they were distinctly different when plotted as a function of time. The BTCs indicate that the columns have similar drainage requirement irrespective of application rates, as the rise to the maxima (C/C_o) is almost similar. However, the time required to achieve that leaching requirement varies with application rates, and residence time was less in the case of a higher application rate. A two‐region convection–dispersion model was used to describe the BTCs and fitted well (r² = 0·97–0·99). There was a linear relationship between dispersion coefficient and pore water velocity (correlation coefficient r = 0·95). The results demonstrate the microscale heterogeneity of hydrodynamic properties in the Upper Chalk. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

改性提高膨润土阳离子交换容量研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

李梦耀  王莉平  车红荣 《地球科学与环境学报》2005,27(3):30-32

研究了焙烧活化、酸活化、氯化钠活化、溴化十六烷基三甲铵活化等改性方法对膨润土阳离子交换容量的影响。结果表明,450℃焙烧2 h,膨润土阳离子交换容量可提高30%以上,0.01 mol.L-1氯化钠和0.3 mol.L-1溴化十六烷基三甲铵活化处理均可使膨润土阳离子交换容量提高10%以上,0.1 mol.L-1盐酸活化处理对提高膨润土的阳离子交换容量效果不明显,还深入讨论了改性提高澎润土阳离子交换容量的机理。  相似文献   

CYTOTOXICITY AND GENOTOXICITY OF POLYETHYLENIMINE AND NICKEL CHLORIDE IN RED SEA BREAM（Pagrosomus major）FIN CELL LINE RSBF     

郭华荣  张士璀 《中国海洋湖沼学报》2002,20(4):323-331

A continuous marine fish cell line RSBF(i.e.Red Sea Bream Fin)was utilized to screen the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of polyethylenimine(PEI)and nickel cholride(NiCl2)in this study on the deleterious effects of aquatic genotoxins on fish.At the 0.01 to 1μgml concentration tested,PEI had acute toxicity to the treated RSBF cells(IC50=1.12,0.92,0.88 and 0.64μg/ml PEI for time 0 h,24 h,48 h and 72 h after treatment,respectively)and markedly inhibited their proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.At the 0.001 to 5 μmol/L concentration tested,NiCl2 posed no acute toxicity but significantly stimulated their growth(107?214?of control).Random amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)technique was used to detect the genotoxic effects of PEI and NiCl2 by comparing the RAPD banding patterns of the control and treated cells.RAPD analysis indicated that at the concentrations tested,PEI was more genotoxic than NiCl2 to RSBF cells;that there was a slight dose-dependent response in the genotoxic effect of PEI bue not NiCl2;and that RAPD technique might provide a sensitive,non-specif-ic gentoxic endpoint.And the potent cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of PEI on fish cells showed that we should be cautious in utilizing it as gene vector in fish gene transfer and human gene therapy.  相似文献   

High‐Precision Measurement of Molybdenum Isotopic Compositions of Selected Geochemical Reference Materials          下载免费PDF全文

Jin Li  Xiang‐kun Zhu  Suo‐han Tang  Kan Zhang 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》2016,40(3):405-415

Here we describe high‐precision molybdenum isotopic composition measurements of geological reference materials, performed using multi‐collector inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (MC‐ICP‐MS). Purification of Mo for isotopic measurements was achieved by ion exchange chromatography using Bio‐Rad AG^® 1‐X8 anion exchange resin. Instrumental mass bias was corrected using ¹⁰⁰Mo‐⁹⁷Mo double spiking techniques. The precision under intermediate measurement conditions (eighteen measurement sessions over 20 months) in terms of δ^98/95Mo was 0.10‰ (2s). The measurement output was approximately four times more efficient than previous techniques, with no compromise in precision. The Mo isotopic compositions of seven geochemical reference materials, seawater (IAPSO), manganese nodules (NOD‐P‐1 and NOD‐A‐1), copper‐molybdenum ore (HV‐2), basalt (BCR‐2) and shale (SGR‐1b and SCo‐1), were measured. δ^98/95Mo values were obtained for IAPSO (2.25 ± 0.09‰), NOD‐P‐1 (?0.66 ± 0.05‰), NOD‐A‐1 (?0.48 ± 0.05‰), HV‐2 (?0.23 ± 0.10‰), BCR‐2 (0.21 ± 0.07‰), SCo‐1 (?0.24 ± 0.06‰) and SGR‐1b (0.63 ± 0.02‰) by calculating δ^98/95Mo relative to NIST SRM 3134 (0.25‰, 2s). The molybdenum isotopic compositions of IAPSO, NOD‐A‐1 and NOD‐P‐1 obtained in this study are within error of the compositions reported previously. Molybdenum isotopic compositions for BCR‐2, SCo‐1 and SGR‐1b are reported for the first time.  相似文献   

A new approach for molecular characterisation of sediments with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: Extraction optimisation     

《Organic Geochemistry》2015

Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) can begin to tease apart the molecular character of sedimentary organic matter (SOM). We therefore tested five different solvents (aqueous base, CHCl₃, MeOH, pyridine and water) for their ability to extract a representative fraction from two organic rich lacustrine sediments, Mangrove Lake, Bermuda (MLB) and Mud Lake, Florida (MLF). Following comparison using liquid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and negative ion mode electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (FTICRMS) we found that pyridine was the optimal solvent, extracting a more diverse (10–100× greater integration for carbonyl, amide and amine groups) and a larger number of peaks on average (1375–1450 vs. 380–1450). Comparison of the pyridine extracts between MLB, MLF and two organic poor sediments from the Mississippi River Delta and Bayou Grande (Pensacola, FL) showed that only 4.9% of the molecular formulae were common to all four and that unique formulae made up the highest proportion of the assignments. The use of pyridine for extracting immature (Holocene) SOM for FTICRMS analysis can therefore be widely applied to immature sediments and produce representative spectra.  相似文献   

湖北春季大气负氧离子浓度分布特征及与环境因子的关系   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金琪  严婧  杨志彪  王海军 《气象科技》2015,43(4):728-733

空气负氧离子浓度是衡量空气质量好坏的重要指标。选择湖北17个环境一致的国家气象观测站作为观测地点,采用符合国家及行业标准的设备,遵循负氧离子定义,开展了2014年湖北春季负氧离子浓度分布特征及与环境因子的关系分析。研究表明：湖北大气负氧离子浓度西部高于中东部,神农架林区的平均值最高,以武汉为中心的中、东部地区浓度普遍较低。负氧离子浓度的日变化为凌晨及清晨高,白天较低,傍晚后呈逐渐上升的趋势。负氧离子浓度与海拔、植被覆盖情况表现为正相关,与空气中的小颗粒物呈负相关,与气温、气压、相对湿度、风速及日照等气象要素相关性较为复杂,降水和雷电天气有利于负氧离子浓度的增加。  相似文献   

地下水中镭的固液分配系数及其测定方法研究     

郝鑫  易立新  李璐旋  杨永鹏 《现代地质》2022,36(2):552-562

近十多年来天然放射性镭(Ra)同位素在水环境、水资源研究领域越来越受到重视,Ra同位素应用在海底地下水排泄估算、湖泊水均衡计算、地下水年龄研究、地下水地表水污染源解析等方面取得了重要的研究成果,这得益于Ra同位素测试技术的发展和对Ra地球化学性质认识的深化。Ra的固液分配系数(K_d)是影响Ra在土壤和含水层中迁移的关键参数,正确认识K_d是利用Ra同位素精准示踪水文过程特别是地下水循环过程的决定性因素。本研究对前人报道的地下水中Ra的K_d值分布范围进行了综合分析,并探讨K_d值的主要影响因素。发现天然环境下K_d值的变化范围为0.1~1×10⁶ mL·g^-1,最大值和最小值之间相差7个数量级。水的盐度、pH值和沉积物中铁(Fe)的含量等对K_d具有显著影响。总结了Ra的K_d值的确定方法,把不同研究者提出的方法归纳为氡(Rn)平衡法、热动力学吸附平衡计算法、实验法和离子交换法,分析了各种方法的优缺点。 提出建立精准的水溶液中Ra的α离子输入反冲项测定方法,优化分析计算流程,提供准确获得Ra的K_d值的技术思路。本研究成果能够为Ra水文地球化学性质研究及其在水文过程中的应用提供参考和技术支撑。  相似文献   

老挝MK离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿及其矿化分布特征     

陈小平 《地质与勘探》2022,58(6):1341-1352

稀土是重要的战略性关键金属矿产资源,老挝是“一路一带”沿线的重要国家,境内寻找离子吸附性稀土矿找矿潜力巨大。老挝长山褶皱带呈NW-SE向分布,带内海西期黑云母二长花岗岩发育,以低中山地形地貌为主,近期在带内发现多处花岗岩风化壳有关的离子吸附型稀土矿床。文章通过分析该区花岗岩地球化学特征、风化壳剖面及钻孔样品,研究赋存于花岗岩风化壳的离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿地质特征,探讨其在低中山地区的成矿特征,推断低中山地形地貌与矿体分布的关系。研究表明,区内花岗岩风化壳结构分层特征明显,矿体分布受海拔标高及微地貌控制;稀土元素的分馏不仅在垂向上,在水平方向上也十分明显。通过厘定本区离子吸附型稀土矿床成矿特征,发现在低中山地貌区,高海拔第一阶梯矿化不好,且以轻稀土为主,而相对低的第二阶梯矿化较好,矿化强度高,稀土类型向中重稀土过渡的特征明显。  相似文献